Abstract
A system includes two sensors of different modalities attached to a body and an electronic processor. The processor initializes a state model, applies a linear state estimator to linear components of the state model to determine an estimated angular velocity of the body, applies a kinematic model to quaternion components of the state model to determine an estimated quaternion, computes a transformation matrix based on the estimated quaternion, transforms modality-specific measurements from the second sensor into a navigation frame using the transformation matrix, and corrects the estimated quaternion to minimize an error between the transformed modality-specific measurement and a reference measurement.